Pneumatic tool



Aug. 30 1927.

C. SAU LIA PNEUMATIC TVOOL Filed Feb. 9. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOVR 0mm: 8mm

ms A TTORNE Y Aug. 30 1927. 1,640,470

C. SAULIA PNEUMATIC TOOL Filed Feb. ,9. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1e ff 29 ENVENTOR CH/MLES 51mm ms A TTORNE Y Patented Aug. 30, 1927.

4 UNITED STATES CHARLES SAULIA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

Application filed February 9, 1924. Serial No. 691,727.

This invention relates to pneumatic tools and particularly to those in which a chisel' or the like is actuated by a hammer that is pneumatically operated. An object of the invention is to provide an improved pneumatic tool of this type in which the construction will be generally simplified, made moreeflicient, reliableand durable; which will be automatic'in action, and which will be relativelyinexpensive. A further obyect is to provide an improved pneumatic tool for cutting or cleaning walls, such as the sides of ships, bridges, rock walls, etc., 1n which its capacity will be increased and the vibration of the tool reduced. Other objects and advantages will appear from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, and the novel features w ll be particularly pointed out hereinafter in claims.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a tool constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevational of the same, with the sect-ion taken approximately along the line 22 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view of a portion of the structure shown in' Fig. 2, with the hammer in a different operative position; and

Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of the same, with the section taken approximately along the line' 44 of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings which show one embodiment of the invention, the frame element is formed of a frame block 1, such as of cast iron or steel suitably machined, having a plurality of parallel cylinder passages 2 extending from face to face. Each cylinder passage has a section 3 at one" end which is of greater diameter than that (4) at the other end, the two sections forming a shoulder 5 at their junction. The sect-ion of greater diameter extends nearly the entire length of'the passage, so that the section of smaller diameter will be relatively short. A sleeve 6 is threaded into the section of larger diameter until it abuts the shoulder 5, in which position its outer end will project slightly from the frame block 1. A second seeve7 is threaded into the section of the passage of smaller diameter until its inner end is approximately at the shoulder. A- piston hammer S is mounted in each of saidsleeves to reciprocate endwise .of the hammer by branches 18.

therein, and has one end 9 fitting the in- 86 terior of a sleeve (3' and its other end 10 fitting the interior of a sleeve 7.

The larger andsmaller ends of the ham: mer have annular grooves 11 and 12, respectively, adjacent to the shoulder 13 between the sections of the hammer of different size. The groove 11 communicates by branch conduits 14 with a conduit or interior passage 15 running to the upper end of the hammer. The groove 12 communicates by branches 16 with an interior conduit or passage 17, run-' ning toward the other end of the hammer, but near the said other end opening laterally Each sleeve 7 is provided with an internal annular groove 19 with which the branches l8 communicate when the hammer is at approximately its desired limitv of travel up into the sleeve 6. An exhaust conduit or passage 20 in the frame block 1 communicates with the annular groove 19, and also opens through a port in the sleeve 6 at a point to be uncovered by the hammer when' it has approached and nearly reached its limit of movement toward the sleeve 7.

.An inlet or distributing main 21 for the I compressed fluid runs between the rows of hammers and has branches, one leading to each of the sleeves 6 and 7. The branch to each sleeve 6 opens into the hammer chamber or passage at a point to communicate with the annular groove 11 when the hammer is at approximately its limit of travel upwardlly within the sleeve 6. The branch to the sleeve 7 opens into the hammer passage at a point to communicate with the groove 12 when the hammer is at approximately its lower limitor travel within the sleeve 6. The branch to the sleeve 7 opens into the hammer passage at a point to communicate with the groove 12 when the hammer is at approximately its limit of travel into the sleeve 7, that is, when the hammer shoulder 13 has closely approached the inner end of. the sleeve 7.

i The tool 22 for each hammer hasa broad working end and a flange 23 at its other end. A split bushing 24 is assembled upon the shank of the tool and its sections are secured together in any suitable manner such as by pins 25'. The bushing is threaded mto or otherwise anchored within the outer end of the sleeve 7 so as to position the inner end of the tool within the striking range of the hammer when the tool has been pushed inwardly to some extent.

The outer ends of the sleeves 6 are each closed by an individual cap 26 which is threaded thereon. A large cap 27 is held upon the frame block 1, such as by bolts orscrews 28, so as to overlie all the individual caps, and screws 29 are threaded through the cap 27 so as to press against the caps 26 and reinforce them against thrusts or pressure in a direction endwise of the sleeve 6.

The compressed fluid, such as air, for actuating the hammer is conducted through a'conduit 30 to the frame block 1 where it connects with the distributing main 21. The main 21, at a point adjacent its connection with the conduit 30 is provided with a suitable conveniently accessible controlling valve 31 which is preferably spring actuated to' closed or shut off position.

When compressed air is admitted along the main 21 and its branches and assuming that a hammer is in the position shown in Fig. 2 the air will enter the annular groove 11 and pass through branches 14 and interior passage 15 to the outer end of the larger section of the hammer and by the pressure exerted thereon will force the hammer toward its tool. During this travel of the hammer the air surrounding the smaller section of the hammer which is within the sleeve 6 will pass out through the groove 12, the branches 16,interior passa e 17 ,branches 18, annular groove 19 and exhaust passage 20. After the hammer has traveled for a short distance, the groove 11 will move out of communication with the distributing main and the compressed air will be shut off from that cylinder, and the branches 18 will move out of communication with the oove 19 to shut off the exhaust outlet from t e cylinder passage so that the air trapped will serve as an air cushion for the hammer if the tool is not within the path of the hammer or encounters little or no resistance when struck. v

The position of a hammer at the end of its power stroke is shown in Fig. 3. It will be seen that the'expanding air which drove the piston has been allowed to exhaust prior to its complete stroke by reason of the uncovering of the exhaust passage opening into sleeve 6. It will also be seen that the groove 12 has moved into communication with the distributing main 21 where it opens through sleeve 7, and compressed air will now. enter groove 12, and act against the shoulder of the hammer to return it to its prior position at the other end of its cylinder passage. The inner end 32 of the sleeve,- which forms the shoulder in the cylinder passage, is preferably beveled olf, as shown in Fig. 2, so as to insure access of the compressed air to all of the area of the shoulder 13 of the hammer. As the hammer moves toward the cap 26, the air on the cap end will pass through the exhaust until the exhaust port is closed by the hammer, after which the air trapped will cushion the travel of the hammer. The hammer is thus returned into the position shown in Fig. 2, ready to be driven again against the tool. This action will be repeated automatically as long as the compressed fiuid is admitted to the distributing main 21 by the opening of the valve 31.

Inasmuch as each hammer automatically controls its own movements. each will operate independently of the others, and there will consequently be no interval of any material duration when all of the hammers will operate synchronously. Some of the hammers will always be operating in one di-- reet-ion while the others are operating in the other direction, with the result that the nonsynchronously operating hammers will neutralize or absorb the vibrations of the whole device which each hammer would otherwise impart to it at each action. The whole device may therefore be more easily handled and manipulated, and the tools will remain more constantly in contact with the work being acted upon. This increases the efiiciency of the tool, and by reason of the number of chisels which may be operated in one tool, without special attention, the capacity of the tool, that is, the quantity of work it can do, will be increased.

It will be observed that the parts are so simplified that they may be manufactured and assembled inexpensively, that there is nothing to get out of order or adjustment, or wear so as to interfere with the operation of the tool, and that the parts may be made strong and durable.

It will be understood that various chan es in the details of the embodiment, herein escribed and illustrated for the purpose of explaining the nature of the invention, may be made by thoseskilled in the art, within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a pneumatic tool, a frame element having a plurality of parallel passages from face to face, a hammer reciprocating in each passage independently of the others, a separate tool arranged to be struck by each hammer, a cap closing each passage at the end opposite the tool, a member carried by the element and extending over all the caps, and individual means acting between each cap and said member for taking up the thrust on the caps endwise of the passages.

2. In a pneumatic tool, a frame element having a plurality of parallel passages threaded from face to face, each of said passages comprising bores of two diameters; a cylinder threaded upon the periphery thereof and adapted to fit the corresponding of said cylinder; acase enclosing a plurality of said cylinders of double bore; set screws in said-casing disposed in longitudinal alignment with the main axis of each of said cylinders', and bearing upon said caps; and means for locking said bolt in adjusted positionsthereof, in combination with a ham-' having a plurality of cylinder passages of difl'erent diameter, said hammer having, on each side of and adjacent to the shoulder between'its parts of different diameters, an

annular peripherally extending groove, said hammer havmg interior passages, each com- -municating wlth one annular groove and both extending in opposite directions away from one another lengthwise of the hammer, the interior passage in the larger end of the hammer opening through the outer end thereof, the interior passage in the smaller end opening laterally of the hammer, said frame element having conduits connecting with an inlet and exhaustports opening into both parts of each of the plurality of passages to co-operate with the annular grooves at the end of the travel of thehammers and with the lateral openings in the actuation thereof.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. 4

- CHARLES SAULIA. 

